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Born in Bath, England, in 1887, George Carwardine initially pursued a career in automotive engineering, specialising in suspension systems. His fascination with mechanics and a keen eye for detail would later prove instrumental in his lighting design endeavors.
A System of Springs and Counterweights
In the early 1930s, Carwardine's attention turned to creating an adjustable lamp that could be effortlessly positioned and maintain its chosen position without needing constant readjustments. Inspired by the human arm's ability to hold its position and his knowledge from the automotive industry, he developed a system of springs and counterweights that mirrored the principle of muscle tension.
In 1932, Carwardine's efforts culminated in the patent for the Anglepoise lamp. This innovative design featured a spring-loaded arm that could be manipulated into infinite positions, providing optimal illumination without sacrificing stability. Its sleek, minimalist aesthetic further enhanced its appeal, making it a coveted addition to drawing rooms, workshops, and industrial settings.
Carwardine realised the commercial potential of his design and patented the invention. He approached Terry & Sons, a manufacturer known for making springs and other components, to produce his lamp.
An Icon of British Design
The Anglepoise 1227 was introduced in 1935 and quickly became an icon of British design. The lamp featured a distinctive three-spring mechanism that provided unparalleled flexibility and stability. It could be easily adjusted with one hand and was perfect for tasks that required precise lighting, such as reading, drawing, or sewing.
The success of the Anglepoise 1227 was not just due to its practicality; it also had a unique aesthetic appeal. The lamp's clean lines and industrial look made it a favourite among designers and architects. Over the years, the 1227 became synonymous with the Anglepoise brand and remains one of the most recognisable and enduring designs in lighting.
Evolution and Legacy
The Anglepoise lamp has evolved over the decades, with new models and variations being introduced to meet changing tastes and needs. However, the core principles of flexibility, stability, and simplicity have remained constant.
In 2003, the Anglepoise lamp was reimagined by British industrial designer Sir Kenneth Grange, who updated the classic design for the modern era while retaining its essential features. This collaboration brought the Anglepoise lamp into the 21st century, ensuring its continued relevance and appeal.
During World War II, Anglepoise lamps were used to help British soldiers read their maps during bombings, as depicted in the movie James Bond: Goldfinger.
The Anglepoise lamp has also found its way into popular culture, appearing in films and television shows as the inspiration for the iconic Pixar Animation Studios opening. The lamp first appeared in the 1986 short film Luxo Jr., about a small desk lamp playing with a ball.
The Anglepoise lamp in Pixar's logotype
Initially, the Anglepoise lamp was a desk lamp designed to focus light on a smaller area, but over the years, the original design has also been used for floor lamps and wall lamps.
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